Can you footnote an entire paragraph

This paragraph is technically correct for APA, but it is difficult to read in large part because the in-text citations are intrusive and awkward : Frogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. Sample 2 Frogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health.

Sample 3 Frogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. FAQ Actions. Was this helpful? Yes No Print Tweet Share on Facebook. Comments Its people like yourself that make the internet useful! I found this extremely helpful when writing my first APA style paper, however I do have one more question about citations that was not answered above. I'm currently assigned an APA paper in which I had to read a book and answer questions.

After talking with my professor, I learned that using other sources was allowed but discouraged for this specific assignment. My question is, how can I properly cite the information in my paper when I only used the one source? As your example above, that would work very well for one paragraph. Should I use that format throughout the entirety of the paper? Even though it looks terrible? Sara, Librarian: Sam, Yes, we suggest that you use the same format throughout your paper - even if it looks terrible.

Usually papers will have more than one source and thus not look quite so awkward. But for one source, we suggest the same format and style. Is it okay to start out with the author's last names with the date and at the end of the paragraph an intext citation? For example, Smith Sara, Librarian: Your example is providing two citations for one sentence. You could do that, but it's not technically APA correct, nor is it necessary. The Purdue site that always comes up as the top result when searching for this was no help at all, but this was exactly what I needed.

Having done mostly history in undergrad, I'm having a rough time transitioning to APA for grad school. What if I have to cite about sources throughout my APA paper and I am only allowed to cite the source twice, differently and not consecutively? Sara, Librarian: Hi Kathy, APA has no minimum or maximum requirements for the citing of any one source, nor are there any reasons why you can't cite consecutively. So I'm going to assume that these are additional parameters set up by your instructor.

If you have multiple sources that state similar facts, you should be able to ensure that you're not citing the same source consecutively. And varying between an in-text citation such as: "Smith said that chickens lay eggs Use your best judgment, and when in doubt, ask your instructor for help or clarification.

This is so helpful. What about when reading material for your paper? How can one tell from the other. Groups blah blah blah Peters noted that blah blah blah If i want to use the middle sentence "Groups blah blah blah Sara, Librarian: Hi Nancy, this is a great example of a time when critical thinking skills come into play. It's not always easy to tell when an author is paraphrasing another author's work or if they are stating something in their own words.

Use your best judgment in these cases. The whole idea of citing a source is to be able to point your readers to the work you used when you did your research. When paraphrasing information from a textbook, are you required to include the textbook name as well as the author in the paragraph or just the author? Although it may not be necessary to repeat the full in-text citation for the paraphrase in each sentence, it is still necessary to begin subsequent paragraphs with a full in-text citation APA, , p.

If you are citing the same information repeatedly within one or more paragraphs, please see Long Paraphrases from the APA Style website and our Visual Guide to Citing Paraphrases for information on how to format those citations.

American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association 7th ed. Was this helpful? Yes 1 No 4. Warning: Your browser has javascript disabled. Without javascript some functions will not work, including question submission via the form. How do I cite a series of quotations or paraphrased sentences from a single source in a paragraph in APA Style? Toggle menu visibility. The best way to solve this problem and still make your paper easy to read is to use a lead-in referring to your source at the beginning of a sentence or at the start of the paragraph signal phrase.

You can alternate this with putting the in-text cite in parentheses at the end of other sentences or the paragraph. Try to make it clear in each following sentence if it is still coming from the same source, using phrases like "According to", "They also state If it is clear, you don't need to repeat the in-text citation for those sentences. Here are two examples using APA style:.

Note: If a signal phrase or lead-in phrase states the authors in the text of the sentence, you only need to put the year in parentheses. For example, the following is a paraphrase from an essay by Naomi S.

Literacy consists of both reading and writing. The writing might take the form of marking up a text or making notes about it Baron For clarity, you might revise as follows:.

Naomi S. Baron argues that literacy consists of both reading and writing. The writing might take the form of marking up a text or making notes about it Ask the MLA. You can always contact the writing tutors from the Center for Academic Success for help with your in-text citations. They can also review your paper and make suggestions via email if you submit the paper online to WriteAid. Trauma characteristics and posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent survivors of childhood sexual abuse.